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OBJECTIV E To study composition an d content changes of volatile components during the bleaching process of Atractylodis macrocephala with the water of washing rice. METHODS The raw products of A. macrocephala and bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages were prepared （in the first and second stages ，raw products were bleached with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 12 h and 24 h，respectively；in the third ，fourth and fifth stages ，the raw products were firstly bleached with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 24 h，and then bleached with 9-fold volumn of clean water for 12，24 and 48 h，respectively）；the bleaching temperature was set at 26 ℃. The volatile components of raw products of A. macrocephala and its bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages were qualitatively analyzed by using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative percentage of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. RESULTS A total of 49 volatile components were identified from raw products of A. macrocephala and its bleached products of 5 different bleaching stages，including 20 common volatile components such as terpinolene ，cyperene and atractylon ，etc. Among them ，33，31，28， 30，28 and 29 volatile components were identified from the raw products of A. macrocephala and the bleached products of the first to fifth stages ，the relative percentages of which were 66.218％ ，64.711％ ，79.410％ ，65.419％ ，67.101％ ，66.818％ ， respectively；among them ，the relative percentage of atractylon in bleached products was the highest in the fourth stage （41.206％），but was the lowest in the third stage （35.926％）. Compared with the raw product ，16 volatile components such as pethylbrene and β-vetivenen were added in the bleaching process ，while 8 volatile components such as ethyl palmitate and β-maaliene were not detected. However ，5 volatile components including 11-rotundene and （－）-valeranone in the bleaching process showed a trend of disappearance-emergence and disappearance-emergence-disappearance. CONCLUSIONS In the third stage，the total relative percentage of each volatile component and the relative percentage of representative dry component as ， atractylone are the lowest in bleached products of A. ； macrocephala，i.e. the bleaching technology of relieving the dry property of A. macrocephala e with the water of washing rice is bleaching with 9-fold volumn of the water of washing rice for 24 h，and then bleaching with 9-fold volumn of clean water for 12 h.
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A label-free and enzyme-free fluorescent DNA sensor based on hybridization chain reaction ( HCR) and vacant site-binding molecule was developed. By rationally incorporating a cytosine in hairpin DNAs for HCR and utilizing vacant site-binding fluorophore ATMND, sensitive DNA detection was achieved, resulting from the large amount of vacant sites presented on the long DNA nanostructures upon HCR. Gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy were performed to characterize the hybridization chain reaction. Under the optimized conditions, the method could sensitively detect the target DNA with the low detection limit of 2. 0 nmol/L. The method shows great potential in signal amplification for DNA detection with advantages such as simple, label-free and low-cost.
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Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the urban and rural residents' basic integrated medical in-surance system,taking Tianjin,Chongqing and Ningxia as case study areas,to provide policy suggestions to relevant government departments. Methods:The evaluation index system for urban and rural residents' basic integrated medi-cal insurance system was constructed and made use of the scatter degree method for the evaluation of the effect of the system. Results:(1) Fairness and policy guarantee are higher relatively,while the medical service and sustainability are still running short for the urban and rural residents' basic integrated medical insurance; (2) Effect of the urban and rural residents' basic integrated medical insurance system of three municipalities is obviously different due to the difference in their respective population size, economic development, etc. Conclusions: Reasonable policy sugges-tions put forward to the pilot cities to improve the urban and rural residents' basic integrated medical insurance sys-tem,such as strengthening the top-level design of policy,increasing fiscal subsidies and improving the mechanism of fund-raising and reimbursement and strengthening the supervision of the medical insurance fund.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of Kouyanqing granules for chronic periodontitis and it effects on inflammatory cytokine. METHODS:110 patients with chronic periodontitis were divided into control group(55 cases)and observa-tion group(55 cases). Control group accepted the periodontal basic treatment as oral hygiene instruction,supragingival scaling,subgin-gival scaling and root planning. Observation group was additionally given Kouyanqing granules 20 g orally,twice a day,on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed as well as the levels of plaque in-dex(PLI),gingival index(GI),probing depth(PD),clinical attachment level(CAL),IL-17,IL-21,and the occurrence of ADR. RE-SULTS:Both groups completed the treatment,and no patient lost to follow up. Total response rate of observation group was significant-ly higher than that of control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on routine treatment,Kouyanqing granules show significant therapeutic efficacy for chronic periodontitis, can significantly improve periodontal symptom and reduce inflammatory factor level,but do not increase the incidence of ADR.
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The data of public WeChat public platform in 100 hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine were mined and analyzed by making use of the"Qingbo index" big data platform in terms of the WCI value, number of papers, number of readings, and number of praises. The factors influencing the information service of public WeChat platform in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine were found by further analyzing and comparing the number of published papers, contents of information service, publication time of papers in such hospitals with Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine as exam-ples. Suggestions were put forward for strengthening the operation and development of public WeChat platform and improving its information service.
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The data of public WeChat public platform in 100 hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine were mined and analyzed by making use of the"Qingbo index" big data platform in terms of the WCI value, number of papers, number of readings, and number of praises. The factors influencing the information service of public WeChat platform in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine were found by further analyzing and comparing the number of published papers, contents of information service, publication time of papers in such hospitals with Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine as exam-ples. Suggestions were put forward for strengthening the operation and development of public WeChat platform and improving its information service.
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Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of lipoic acid combined with epalrestat versus lipoic acid in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN). Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and clinical controlled trials on lipoic acid versus epalrestat for DPN before February 2016 were searched through five databases:CNKI,CBM,VIP,Wanfang,and PubMed. The quality of the included trials were assessed using Cochrane software and Jadad scores. Data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3 software. Results Nine studies were included in the analysis. Meta analysis showed that the lipoic aid monotherapy was significantly inferior to lipoic acid-epalerestat combination therapy [RR=0.58,95%Cl(0.47,0.71),P<0.00001]. Inferiority of the lipoic acid monotherapy was also shown in nerve conduction velocity with WMDs of-4.94 [95%Cl(-7.41,-2.46),P<0.0001] for median motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV),-5.08 [95%Cl(-7.68,-2.49),P=0.0001] for peroneal MNCV,-4.24 [95%Cl(-6.20,-2.29),P<0.0001] for median sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV),and-3.66 [95%Cl(-5.02,-2.31),P<0.00001] for peroneal SNCV. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. However,the included trials were limited by simple design,few subjective indicators,and short follow-up time. Conclusions Lipoic acid combined with epalrestat is better than lipoic acid alone in the treatment of DPN,as well as the MNCV and SNCV of median or peroneal nerve. Due to the low quality of the included studies,high-quality RCTs are warranted to validate the results.
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A [cocktail] of several probe drugs is often used to evaluate metabolic activity of multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes in one session. Some interactions among probe drugs can appear and may impact the rate of biotransformation of other ones. Our presented work was aimed on the influence of bupropion on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of tolbutamide. The biotransformation rates of tolbutamide administered either separately or in combined with bupropion were compared in this study. The results revealed that bupropion had no significant effect on tolbutamide hydroxylation. Thus, due to stability in cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolic activity in the case of combining of two model probe drugs the procedure can show to no extent differential results comparing to the single-marker use
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A "cocktail"of numerous probe drugs to assess the metabolic activity of the corresponding cytochrome P450 enzymes requires that there is no problem of interaction among them. Some interactions among probe drugs can appear and may affect the rate of biotransformation of other ones. To develop a useful "cocktail" of probe drugs, our presented work was aimed on the influence of tolbutamide on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of bupropion. The biotransformation rates of bupropion administered either separately or in combined with tolbutamide were compared in this new study. The results revealed that tolbutamide had significantly decreased the rate of bupropion hydroxylation. Thus, due to shift in cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolic activity some extent differential results in the rate of P450-mediated metabolism can be observed when comparing assessment using combination of two model drugs with the common way [single marker use]
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Animals, Laboratory , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Bupropion , Tolbutamide , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System , Drug InteractionsABSTRACT
To investigate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphic calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP) on the growth of Lactobacillus fermentum and to evaluate the possibility of CPP-ACP as a biological anticariogenic agent. Lactobacillus fermentum was inoculated in BHI with different concentrations of CPP-ACP and grew in anaerobic condition at 37 ℃ for 48 h. Used MTT method to evaluate the effects of CPP-ACP on the growth of Lactobacillus fermentum. CPP-ACP inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus fermentum effectively. With the concentration of CPP-ACP increasing, the values of A(550 nm) decreased. It was found that CPP-ACP had inhibitory effect on the growth of Lactobacillus fermentum, the inhibitory effect increased with CPP-ACP concentration.
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The progress in the biochemistry and degradation of xanthan gum were reviewed. Significance and technique of xanthan gum degradation were stressed. Biodegradation was discussed significantly and prospect of xanthan degradation was depicted.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study whether the anti-apoptotic action is reversed by tetrandrine in a combination with vincristine in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 multidrug-resistant cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatin condensation was observed by co-staining of fluorescent dyes Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide; and G1 sub-peak was detected by flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were detected with TUNEL method. Cellular free ca2+ was determined with Fluo-3 staining method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Two types of chromatin condensation were observed after the sensitive and drug-resistant MCF-7 cells were treated with an antitumor drug vincristine 5 mumol.L-1 for 24 h. The number of cell with chromatin condensation was obviously reduced in the drug-resistant cells treated with the same concentration of vincristine, as compared with the sensitive MCF-7 cells. The number of the apoptotic cells was increased by a combination of non-cytotoxic tetrandrine 20 mumol.L-1 and vincristine in both the sensitive and drug-resistant cells, which was confirmed with fluorescent indication and TUNEL method. The increment of introcellular free Ca2+ level in the cells treated with tetrandrine in a combination of vincristine was detected with Fluo-3 staining method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The anti-apoptotic action of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells can be effectively reversed by tetrandrine.</p>